Ganio, M. S., Klau, J. F., Lee, E. C., Yeargin, S. W., McDermott, B. P., Buyckx, M., Maresh, C. M., and Armstrong, L. E. Effect of various carbohydrate-electrolyte fluids on cycling performance and maximal voluntary contraction. Ther Apher Dial 2020. J Child Neurol 1991;6:7-14. Malaguarnera, M., Gargante, M. P., Cristaldi, E., Colonna, V., Messano, M., Koverech, A., Neri, S., Vacante, M., Cammalleri, L., and Motta, M. Acetyl L-carnitine (ALC) treatment in elderly patients with fatigue. View abstract. Clin Ter. View abstract. 2000;54(6):470-477. View abstract. View abstract. View abstract. View abstract. View abstract. View abstract. Korean J Gastroenterol. View abstract. Controlled study on the therapeutic efficacy of propionyl-L-carnitine in patients with congestive heart failure. View abstract. View abstract. A., Borum, P., Stall, C., Millspaugh, J., Taggart, E., and Lum, G. Carnitine status of pediatric patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. El Beshlawy, A., Mohtar, G., Abd El, Ghafar E., Abd El Dayem, S. M., El Sayed, M. H., Aly, A. Holzhauer, P. Casuistry: medical nutrition intervention with specific micronutrient and exercise therapy in pancreatic cancer. Liu J, Head E, Kuratsune H, et al. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup.Physiol 1990;60(1):1-6. Clin Hemorheol.Microcirc. Baudouin C, Labb A, Liang H, Pauly A, Brignole-Baudouin F. Preservatives in eyedrops: the good, the bad and the ugly. J Inherit.Metab Dis. Effect of 8-day therapy with propionyl-L-carnitine on muscular and subcutaneous blood flow of the lower limbs in patients with peripheral arterial disease. View abstract. Am.J Kidney Dis 2007;50(5):803-812. View abstract. Lancet 1989;2:469-73. View abstract. 11 Best Foods to Boost Your Brain and Memory, The 10 Best Nootropic Supplements to Boost Brain Power, How to Speed Up Your Metabolism: 9 Easy Ways Backed by Science, 18 Popular Weight Loss Medications and Supplements Reviewed, 6 Reasons Why Eggs Are the Healthiest Food on the Planet, Fast Metabolism 101: What It Is and How to Get It. I take it with other vitamins for the Krebs cycle, and not really for chelating. View abstract. View abstract. 2011;28(4):393-400. View abstract. Angiology 1995;46(8):705-713. Circ.J 2008;72(6):926-931. 2007;19(2):206-210. Ann.Nutr.Metab 2008;52(4):335-338. Effect of L-carnitine treatment in vivo on apoptosis and ceramide generation in peripheral blood lymphocytes from AIDS patients. Benedini, S., Perseghin, G., Terruzzi, I., Scifo, P., Invernizzi, P. L., Del, Maschio A., Lazzarin, A., and Luzi, L. Effect of L-acetylcarnitine on body composition in HIV-related lipodystrophy. Pourmand G, Movahedin M, Dehghani S, Mehrsai A, Ahmadi A, Pourhosein M, Hoseini M, Ziloochi M, Heidari F, Beladi L, Noori M. Does L-carnitine therapy add any extra benefit to standard inguinal varicocelectomy in terms of deoxyribonucleic acid damage or sperm quality factor indices: a randomized study. Mol.Genet.Metab 2008;94(3):287-291. J.Reprod.Infertil 2010;10(4):245-251. Bernard, A., Rigault, C., Mazue, F., Le, Borgne F., and Demarquoy, J. L-carnitine supplementation and physical exercise restore age-associated decline in some mitochondrial functions in the rat. Horvath, G. A., Davidson, A. G., Stockler-Ipsiroglu, S. G., Lillquist, Y. P., Waters, P. J., Olpin, S., Andresen, B. S., Palaty, J., Nelson, J., and Vallance, H. Newborn screening for MCAD deficiency: experience of the first three years in British Columbia, Canada. View abstract. View abstract. Long-term l-carnitine treatment of chronic anaemia of patients with end-stage renal failure. Effect of combined treatment with alpha-Lipoic acid and acetyl-L-carnitine on vascular function and blood pressure in patients with coronary artery disease. Larsson, L. E., Olegard, R., Ljung, B. M., Niklasson, A., Rubensson, A., and Cederblad, G. Parenteral nutrition in preterm neonates with and without carnitine supplementation. Effect of L-carnitine on the physical fitness of thalassemic patients. Ishikura H, Matsuo N, Matsubara M, et al. J Pediatrics 1991;118:646-9. 1998;15(2):73-79. Are There Side Effects to L-Carnitine Supplementation? Acetyl-l-carnitine: a pathogenesis based treatment for HIV-associated antiretroviral toxic neuropathy. Acenocoumarol is used to slow blood clotting. 2010;32(9):1109-1114. Pittler, M. H. and Ernst, E. Complementary therapies for neuropathic and neuralgic pain: systematic review. Goodison G, Overeem K, de Monte V, Siskind D. Mania associated with self-prescribed acetyl-l-carnitine in a man with bipolar I disorder. A. A., Servan-Schreiber, D., Panchalingam, K., and McClure, R. J. J Nephrol. J Cardiovasc Thorac Res 2020;12(4):246-255. The equivalent dosage range for other forms of L-carnitine are as follows: 630-2,500mg (ALCAR), 1,000-4,000mg . A 1-year controlled trial of acetyl-l-carnitine in early onset AD. 2007;45(7):513-517. Am J Mens Health 2021;15(2):15579883211011371. Hyperammonemia and carnitine deficiency in a patient receiving sulfadiazine and pyrimethamine. Z., and McIntyre, R. S. Acetyl-L-carnitine and alpha-lipoic acid: possible neurotherapeutic agents for mood disorders? Thom H, Carter PE, Cole GF, et al. Your body can produce L-carnitine out of the amino acids lysine and methionine. I. Carnitine concentrations and lipid effects." Am.J Kidney Dis 2008;52(5):962-971. Nephron 1984;38(2):120-124. View abstract. Nephron 1997;75(3):372. J Trop.Pediatr. Endocr J. insomnia numbness in feet or hands Call your doctor if any of these symptoms persist, or if they get worse. Arch.Pediatr. 2006;12(6):704-714. Lee, M. S., Lee, H. J., Lee, H. S., and Kim, Y. L-carnitine stimulates lipolysis via induction of the lipolytic gene expression and suppression of the adipogenic gene expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. J Infect Dis 1997;176:1517-23. 2009;32(1):35-40. Nutrients 2021;13(10):3432. Effect of l-carnitine supplementation on children and adolescents with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): a randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. 2010;54(1):37-44. View abstract. View abstract. View abstract. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2004;1033:30-41. Sole MJ, Jeejeebhoy KN. 2007;22(6):330-337. View abstract. View abstract. Payne, C., Wiffen, P. J., and Martin, S. Interventions for fatigue and weight loss in adults with advanced progressive illness. Jones, S., Reed, C. A., Vijay, S., Walter, J. H., and Morris, A. Dal Negro R, Pomari G, Zoccatelli O, and et al. A Meta-Analysis of the Efficacy of L-Carnitine/L-Acetyl-Carnitine or N-Acetyl-Cysteine in Men With Idiopathic Asthenozoospermia. Tanner, L. M., Nanto-Salonen, K., Rashed, M. S., Kotilainen, S., Aalto, M., Venetoklis, J., Niinikoski, H., Huoponen, K., and Simell, O. Carnitine deficiency and L-carnitine supplementation in lysinuric protein intolerance. View abstract. Biagiotti G, Cavallini G. Acetyl-L-carnitine vs tamoxifen in the oral therapy of Peyronie's disease: a preliminary report. Zhongguo Dang.Dai Er.Ke.Za Zhi. It helps transport fatty acids into the mitochondria where they can be burned up and used as fuel. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. On carnitine content of the human breast milk. View abstract. The effect of L-carnitine and isoflavone supplementation on weight reduction and visceral fat accumulation in overweight women. 1992;140(4):353-377. 2008;29(2):261-266. Sohn HJ, Choi GB Yoon KI. Janiri, L., Martinotti, G., Tonioni, F., Ghelardini, C., Nicolai, R., Galeotti, N., Mosconi, L., Calvani, M., Bartolini, A., and Iannoni, E. Acetyl-L-carnitine in the management of pain during methadone withdrawal syndrome. 2009;25(9):2223-2228. BJU Int 2001;88:63-7.. View abstract. Penn, D., Schmidt-Sommerfeld, E., and Pascu, F. Decreased tissue carnitine concentrations in newborn infants receiving total parenteral nutrition. Ann Neurol 1989;26:456. View abstract. Chan, A., Remington, R., Kotyla, E., Lepore, A., Zemianek, J., and Shea, T. B. BMC Comp Altern Med 2002;2:5. Tomassini, V., Pozzilli, C., Onesti, E., Pasqualetti, P., Marinelli, F., Pisani, A., and Fieschi, C. Comparison of the effects of acetyl L-carnitine and amantadine for the treatment of fatigue in multiple sclerosis: results of a pilot, randomised, double-blind, crossover trial. [Reduction of hospitalization thanks to L-carnitine in hemodialyzed patients]. 1991;13(1-2):135-146. Capaldo B, Napoli R, Di Bonito P, et al. Australas Psychiatry. J Inherit.Metab Dis 2007;30(1):5-22. El Sharkwy I, Sharaf El-Din M. l-Carnitine plus metformin in clomiphene-resistant obese PCOS women, reproductive and metabolic effects: a randomized clinical trial. Schweiz.Med Wochenschr 9-12-1992;122(37):1352-1355. Brass E. Pharmacokinetic considerations for the therapeutic use of carnitine in hemodialysis patients. Effects of pre-transplant L-carnitine supplementation on primary graft dysfunction in liver transplant recipients: a pilot, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Unexpected awakening from comatose thyroid storm after a single intravenous injection of L-carnitine. Fatouros, I. G., Douroudos, I., Panagoutsos, S., Pasadakis, P., Nikolaidis, M. G., Chatzinikolaou, A., Sovatzidis, A., Michailidis, Y., Jamurtas, A. Clinical evaluation of the effects of levocarnitine chloride (LC-80) on excercise tolerance in stable angina pectoris by the serial multistage treadmill exercise testing: a multicenter, double-blind study. Med.Sci Sports Exerc. Zhou, X., Liu, F., and Zhai, S. Effect of L-carnitine and/or L-acetyl-carnitine in nutrition treatment for male infertility: a systematic review. Khajeh B, Dashti-Khavidaki S, Nasiri-Toosi M, Mohammadi K, Jafari A. Metabolism 2011;60(3):421-429. Medically reviewed by Drugs.com. Store at room temperature away from moisture and heat. Carroll, J. K., Kohli, S., Mustian, K. M., Roscoe, J. View abstract. 2020;12(5):e7982. Prolonged oral L-carnitine substitution increases bicycle ergometer performance in patients with severe, ischemically induced cardiac insufficiency. Chen Y, Abbate M, Tang L, Cai G, Gong Z, Wei R, Zhou J, Chen X. L-Carnitine supplementation for adults with end-stage kidney disease requiring maintenance hemodialysis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. View abstract. Effects of Citric Acid and l-Carnitine on Physical Fatigue. J Inherit.Metab Dis 9-10-2010; View abstract. Colombani P, Wenk C, Kunz I, et al. Mancini M, Rengo F, Lingetti M, et al. Nephrol.Dial Transplant 2008;23(3):991-997. Levocarnitine administration in multiple sclerosis patients with immunosuppressive therapy-induced fatigue. Clin Nutr. Erbas, H., Aydogdu, N., Usta, U., and Erten, O. View abstract. View abstract. View abstract. Freeman JM, Vining EPG, Cost S, Singhi P. Does carnitine administration improve the symptoms attributed to anticonvulsant medications? View abstract. Exp.Neurol. Guarnieri, G. F., Ranieri, F., Toigo, G., Vasile, A., Ciman, M., Rizzoli, V., Moracchiello, M., and Campanacci, L. Lipid-lowering effect of carnitine in chronically uremic patients treated with maintenance hemodialysis. Clinical and biochemical effects. 1992;14(4):183-194. Rare side effects can include muscle weakness in uremic patients and seizures in people with seizure disorders. Am J Clin Nutr 1992;55(4):838-845. Drugs Exp Clin Res 1995;21(4):157-159. Shindo T, Kobayashi K, Tanaka T, Masumori N. Can levocarnitine supplementation improve fatigue caused by sunitinib as a treatment for renal cell carcinoma? Ren Fail. Role of free L-carnitine and acetyl-L-carnitine in post-gonadal maturation of mammalian spermatozoa. (pre-publication author's copy, via correspondence) 2002;1-14. View abstract. View abstract. New Trends Clin Neuropharmacol 1989;3(1):17-24. View abstract. J Androl 2012;33(4):615-623. Giammusso B, Morgia G, Spampinato A, and et al. Insomnia (unable to sleep). Marthaler NP, Visarius T, Kupfer A, Lauterburg BH. This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. View abstract. Graziano F, Bisonni R, Catalano V, et al. View abstract. View abstract. BMC.Neurol. It may not be safe to take this supplement if you have liver or kidney disease, high blood pressure, seizure disorder or diabetes. Wu, Z. M., Lu, X., Wang, Y. W., Sun, J., Tao, J. W., Yin, F. H., and Cheng, H. J. 2010;48(5):503-510. Miwa, S. and Takikawa, O. View abstract. Ramos AC, Barrucand L, Elias PR, et al. Sulkers, E. J., Lafeber, H. N., Degenhart, H. J., Przyrembel, H., Schlotzer, E., and Sauer, P. J. (20,39) Since L-carnitine has a central role in fat metabolism and has significant antioxidant properties as well, carnitine supplementation has been investigated as a treatment option in the management of type 2 diabetes. [L-carnitine and cardiac metabolism and remodeling indices in alcoholic cardiomyopathy]. Role of L-carnitine in apnea of prematurity: a randomized, controlled trial. View abstract. Increases in walking distance in patients with peripheral vascular disease treated with L-carnitine: a double-blind, cross-over study. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1999;290:1482-92. Iran J Kidney Dis 2011;5(2):114-118. Rett syndrome: randomized controlled trial of L-carnitine. As a supplement, acetyl-L-carnitine is usually considered safe when taken as directed. View abstract. Antioxidant treatment with carnitines is effective in infertile patients with prostatovesiculoepididymitis and elevated seminal leukocyte concentrations after treatment with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory compounds. Propionyl-L-carnitine is safe for most people when taken by mouth or given intravenously by a healthcare professional. View abstract. While l-carnitine itself has been shown to favorably affect recovery in trained athletes, the studies are generally weak, lacking a large enough sample size, a strong control group, and conclusive results. Does L-carnitine reduce belly fat? It can have serious effects, leading to excessive daytime sleepiness, a higher risk of auto accidents, and widespread health effects from sleep deprivation. Ricci, A., Caiati, C., Galantino, A., Scrutinio, D., Valentini, G., Chiddo, A., and Rizzon, P. [Acute effects of propionyl-L-carnitine on anomalies of parietal kinetics of the left ventricle induced by atrial pacing in patients with ischemic heart disease. View abstract. Sarafoglou, K., Tridgell, A. H., Bentler, K., Redlinger-Grosse, K., Berry, S. A., and Schimmenti, L. A. Cardiac conduction improvement in two heterozygotes for primary carnitine deficiency on L-carnitine supplementation. Am J Kidney Dis. 2010;21(3):454-459. B. World J Gastroenterol. Integr.Cancer Ther 2007;6(1):8-13. 2000;10(5):247-251. "So there's a link . Hoffman, J. R., Ratamess, N. A., Gonzalez, A., Beller, N. A., Hoffman, M. W., Olson, M., Purpura, M., and Jager, R. The effects of acute and prolonged CRAM supplementation on reaction time and subjective measures of focus and alertness in healthy college students. Plasma and urine carnitine concentrations in well-trained athletes at rest and after exercise. Casciani, C. U., Caruso, U., Cravotto, E., D'Iddio, S., Corsi, M., Pola, P., Savi, L., and Grilli, M. L-carnitine in haemodialysed patients. J Drug Dev 1988;1(3):163-166. J Diabetes Complications 1999;13:251-3. Acta Diabetol. Genger, H., Enzelsberger, H., and Salzer, H. [Carnitine in therapy of placental insufficiency--initial experiences]. Gheissari A, Aslani N, Eshraghi A, et al. View abstract. View abstract. Mezzina C, De Grandis D, Calvani M, et al. Di Cesare Mannelli L, Ghelardini C, Calvani M, et al. Samimi M, Jamilian M, Ebrahimi FA, Rahimi M, Tajbakhsh B, Asemi Z. Healthline Media does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Wilderness.Environ.Med. Herrmann, W. M., Dietrich, B., and Hiersemenzel, R. Pharmaco-electroencephalographic and clinical effects of the cholinergic substance--acetyl-L-carnitine--in patients with organic brain syndrome. Am.J Clin Oncol. Ann Neurol 1988;24:301. 1994;60(12):707-713. Pueschel, S. M. The effect of acetyl-L-carnitine administration on persons with Down syndrome. View abstract. A., Ghaith, O., Medhat, T., George, S. K., and Elshafey, E. M. Is there a role for oral L-carnitine therapy in anemia and cardiac dysfunction management in Egyptian patients on maintenance hemodialysis? About 98% of your L-carnitine stores are contained in your muscles, along with trace amounts in your liver and blood (17, 18). Biogerontology. Boehm G, Stahl B. Oligosaccharides from milk. Studies concerning chronic and acute effects of L-carnitine on some biological parameters in elite athletes. Mioli V, Tarchini R, Boggi R, and et al. Yang, L., Yin, H., Yang, R., and Huang, X. View abstract. Yeh, Y. Y., Cooke, R. J., and Zee, P. Impairment of lipid emulsion metabolism associated with carnitine insufficiency in premature infants. Clin Ter. Laker MF, Green C, Bhuiyan AK, Shuster S. Isotretinoin and serum lipids: studies on fatty acid, apolipoprotein and intermediary metabolism.
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