Graded potentials in free and encapsulated nerve endings are called generator potentials. photoreceptor: A specialized neuron able to detect and react to light. - Touching a hot pan. Thermoreceptors are sensitive to temperature changes, and photoreceptors are sensitive to light energy. Did you have an idea for improving this content? How is receptor density estimated in a human subject? Receptors can be classified structurally on the basis of cell type and their position in relation to stimuli they sense. The four major types of tactile mechanoreceptors include: Merkels disks, Meissners corpuscles, Ruffini endings, and Pacinian corpuscles. detect pressure, vibration. -Pinna (auricle) Which structure is filled with pigment from melanocytes? e. stapes. what type of phasic receptors detect light touch, shapes, and textures? The input arguments are vectors In this paper, an acoustic radiation force-optical coherence elastography (ARF-OCE) system was proposed to evaluate LVC by measuring the residual stromal bed (RSB) elasticity, because it is directly relevant to the RSB . We will discuss the special senses, which include smell, taste, vision, hearing and the vestibular system, in chapter 15. Somatosensation is considered a general sense, as opposed to the submodalities discussed in this section. d. Lacrimal punctum - Supporting cells These receptors include Meissner's corpuscles, Pacinian corpuscles, Merkel's disks, and Ruffini corpuscles. { "36.01:_Sensory_Processes_-_Reception" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "36.02:_Sensory_Processes_-_Transduction_and_Perception" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "36.03:_Somatosensation_-_Somatosensory_Receptors" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "36.04:_Somatosensation_-_Integration_of_Signals_from_Mechanoreceptors" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "36.05:_Somatosensation_-_Thermoreception" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "36.06:_Taste_and_Smell_-_Tastes_and_Odors" : "property 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Sensory Processes - Transduction and Perception, 36.4: Somatosensation - Integration of Signals from Mechanoreceptors, status page at https://status.libretexts.org, Describe the structure and function of mechanoreceptors. Finally, vision involves the activation of photoreceptors. The large mechanoreceptorsPacinian corpuscles and Ruffini endingsare located in the lower layers and respond to deeper touch. The __________, the black hole in the eye, is surrounded by the colorful _________. Meissner's corpuscles detect changes in texture (vibrations around 50 Hz) and adapt rapidly. Another physical stimulus that has its own type of receptor is . b. bony labyrinth and temporal bone. It dissociates rhodopsin and changes 11-cis-retinal to all-trans-retinal. Trans-retinal is reconverted to cis-retinal The cells in the retina that respond to light stimuli are an example of a specialized receptor cell, a photoreceptor. In bright-light conditions, visual acuity is best when light is focused on the ____________ of the eye. If you drag your finger across a textured surface, the skin of your finger will vibrate. Which of the following are functions of the inner ear? d.cochlear nucleus. - Utricle Using an allowable stress of 9MPa9 \mathrm{~MPa}9MPa for the concrete and 120MPa120 \mathrm{~MPa}120MPa for the steel, determine the largest allowable positive bending moment in a portion of the slab 1m1 \mathrm{~m}1m wide. Gustatory cells are found in taste __________. Order these structures from superficial to deep. c - Inferior colliculus What do Merkel cells detect? 1) Sclera 2) Choroid 3) Pigmented layer 4) Neural layer What type of receptor is found in the mucous membranes? 6 - Scala vestibuli * Na+, EXs associated w/ what taste sensation? Mechanoreceptors in the skin are described as encapsulated (that is, surrounded by a capsule) or unencapsulated (a group that includes free nerve endings). There are multiple types of mechanoreceptors in the skin that are activated by different types of touch stimuli The receptive field size differs among the types of mechanoreceptors The adaptation rate differs among the types of mechanoreceptors Receptive field is a region of skin that activate a given mechanoreceptor 1. endolymph of cochlear duct Chemical stimuli can be detected by a chemoreceptors that detect chemical stimuli, such as a chemicals that lead to the sense of smell. The points could then be moved closer and re-tested until the subject reports feeling only one point, and the size of the receptive field of a single receptor could be estimated from that distance. a. A sensation occurs when neural impulses from these receptors reach the cerebral cortex. Ruffini endings are slow adapting, encapsulated receptors that respond to skin stretch and are present in both the glabrous and hairy skin. Sensory receptors are classified into five categories: mechanoreceptors, thermoreceptors, proprioceptors, pain receptors, and chemoreceptors. Muscle spindles are stretch receptors that detect the amount of stretch, or lengthening of muscles. Meissner's corpuscles respond to pressure and lower frequency vibrations, and Pacinian corpuscles detect transient pressure and higher frequency vibrations. Which terms indicate a receptor type that is classified by its modality of stimulus? monitor sensory receptors. Treated with concave lens. Paraplegia, paralysis of both lower limbs, is caused by an injury lower on the spinal column. 1 - Sound waves make the tympanic membrane vibrate. - There are more than 100 million rod cells per eye. Vibrations in the perilymph move the: a. tympanic membrane b. basilar membrane c. tectorial membrane d. stapes; What type of stimulus is detected by the sensory receptors of the skin? which is activated in the two-point discrimination test, employs several types of receptors. Order the auditory ossicles from lateral to medial. What type of receptor detects changes in light? a. Presbyopia The sphincter pupillae is controlled by the __________ division of the nervous system. Decide if these retinal events occur in the dark or in the light. Each of the senses is referred to as a sensory modality. The relative density of pressure receptors in different locations on the body can be demonstrated experimentally using a two-point discrimination test. There are fewer Pacinian corpuscles and Ruffini endings in skin than there are Merkels disks and Meissners corpuscles. Ruffini endings are encapsulated mechanoreceptors. E-Book Overview INTRODUCTION TO HEALTH CARE, 3E provides learners with an easy-to-read foundation in the profession of health care. These categories are based on the nature of stimuli each receptor class transduces. They may be massed together to form a sense organ, such as the eye or ear, or they may be scattered, as are those of the skin and viscera. 6. perilymph of scala tympani - Olfactory cells They will respond to the stimulus as long as it persists, and produce a continuous frequency of action potentials. These categories are based on the nature of the stimuli that each receptor class transduces. The cells that transduce sensory stimuli into the electrochemical signals of the nervous system are classified on the basis of structural or functional aspects of the cells. Summarize Rutherfords model of the atom, and explain how he developed this model based on the results of his famous gold-foil experiment. - Filiform The general senses can be divided into somatosensation, which is commonly considered touch, but includes tactile, pressure, vibration, temperature, and pain perception. However, these are not all of the senses. Several distinct receptor types form the somatosensory system including thermoreceptors (heat), nociceptors (pain), and mechanoreceptors (pressure). -Vestibule Hearing and balance are also sensed by mechanoreceptors. Optic disc receptors in the eye respond to a different type of input than receptors in the skin. 4. 7. basilar membrane 3 - Tympanic membrane Pacinian corpuscles, such as these visualized using bright field light microscopy, detect pressure (touch) and high-frequency vibration. A variety of receptor typesembedded in the skin, mucous membranes, muscles, joints, internal organs, and cardiovascular systemplay a role. d - Cochlear nucleus - They are unmyelinated f. Round window These receptors are the main sensory cells in the tactile system. Finally, a proprioceptor is a receptor located near a moving part of the body, such as a muscle or joint capsule, that interprets the positions of the tissues as they move. : *Stapes *Tensor tympani muscle middle Structures apart of inner, middle, or outer ear? The main sensory modalities can be described on the basis of how each stimulus is transduced and perceived.
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