Hi there! (no I dont). . The mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines are effective at preventing infection . Sheldon, R. S. et al. Suspected COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine-Induced Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome. Although POTS was previously recognized as a condition that can develop after SARS-CoV-2 infection2, data on its potential development after vaccination have been scarce. Svetlana Blitshteyn. Enter the email you used to register to reset your password. Individuals with POTS-related diagnoses (n=1,924) post-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination had similar vaccination and demographic profiles as the vaccinated population. In a sequence-symmetry analysis, which used individuals as their own controls and compared risks in the 90 days before exposure with those in a similar interval after exposure, the likelihood of receiving one of these diagnoses was higher after vaccination (OR 1.33; 95% CI 1.25-1.41). The 90 day mark post vaccine was a nightmare. Front Immunol. dvelopper et amliorer nos produits et services. I tried to get into UTSW- SW Dallas. Hello I have ulcerative colitis, fibromyalgia, degenerative disc disease, Reynaud'sI got the first Pfizer dose in late February and I had a very high fever by the next morning and began experience my first POTs symptoms immediately thereafter. In 27 patients (87%) there was no autoimmune disease background and patients presented with new-onset disease . Long COVID has a wide range of symptoms, most of which overlap with symptoms of chronic fatigue and POTS: Breathlessness; Brain fog Jamal, S. M. et al. He emphasized that people should still get vaccinated. Early July I started experiencing dizziness, wooziness when I got up to let the dog out. The last point is particularly poignant and clinically relevant, as it provides compelling evidence that can be referenced during physicianpatient encounters in support of vaccination and against vaccine hesitancy. POTS can cause a rapid increase in heartbeat, fainting, dizziness and fatigue. Recently, POTS has been identified as a potential "long-hauler" symptom of COVID-19. Overall, the study findings showed a probable association between POTS incidence and SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations, with a 5.4-fold greater incidence of POTS post-COVID-19 than that post-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Internet Explorer). A case of transient POTS following COVID-19 vaccine Acta Neurol Belg. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. Additionally, POTS odds (1.3, n=4,526) were higher than. and JavaScript. The OR value of post-vaccination diagnoses of POTS-associated conditions vs. CPC conditions was 1.1, with comparable results obtained by clustered bootstrapping. Florida health officials say a man recently died from a brain-eating amoeba called Naegleria fowlerian infection likely caught from rinsing his sinuses with tap water. Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA, Dysautonomia Clinic, Williamsville, NY, USA, Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital, and Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden, You can also search for this author in Europace 19, 12111219 (2017). Can the gut microbiota and metabolome explain variation in anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination responses in immunosuppressed IBD patients? The rates of POTS after infection were so much higher that this shouldnt be taken as anything discouraging vaccination, he added. government site. 8600 Rockville Pike The current proposed pathology for POTS is an inability to regulate blood volume. POTS can follow COVID-19 in previously healthy patients. Muscle Nerve. The opinions expressed here are the views of the writer and do not necessarily reflect the views and opinions of News Medical. Never got vaccinated. People could self-report pre-existing conditions when getting the vaccine or making a VAERS report, but it is not required in VAERS. Shaw, B. H. et al. ABC 7 recently interviewed Cedars-Sinai cardiovascular specialistAlan C. Kwan, MD, an investigator with the Smidt Heart Institute, about a study exploring the link between the COVID-19 vaccine and a debilitating heart condition known as postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS). The study was supported, in part, by National Institutes of Health grants; a Doris Duke Charitable Foundation grant; the American Heart Association; the American Society of Nuclear Cardiology 2021 Institute for the Advancement of Nuclear Cardiology Research Award; the Smidt Heart Institute; and the Burns & Allen Chair in Cardiology Research, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center. This type of analysis is inherently difficult owing to the lack of ideal controls, multiple confounding factors related to the context of the pandemic and the effect of COVID-19 vaccination on patients engagement with the healthcare system. I have now been in bed for about 8 months except for going to the Dr. 5 days latter I try to get to my car to drive to a dr appt and I pass out in the garage for 9 minutes. In patients with hyperadrenergic variants, clonidine was given or considered, Kwan et al note. In this study, we observed occurences of POTS following COVID-19 vaccination, albeit at a lower rate than following COVID-19 infection. Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) and other autonomic disorders after COVID-19 infection: a case series of 20 patients Immunol Res. Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is an impaction of the autonomic nervous system initiating orthostatic tachycardia. I was diagnosed 9 months ago, 4 hours away from my house, at a large university hospital. 79, 23252330 (2022). Comparing a 90-day period before exposure and a 90-day period after exposure, in fact, the probability of receiving a POTS-associated diagnosis was more than fivefold higher after a bout of COVID-19 than after vaccination (OR 5.35; 95% CI 5.05-5.68), according to researchers led by Alan Kwan, MD (Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA). 2022 Nov 2;14(11):e31006. Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter what matters in science, free to your inbox daily. I have now lost 18 pounds since January. 1997;20:15611568. Findings could enable clinicians to develop approaches to reinforce learning, in hopes of hastening further injury. (accessed March 04, 2023). Since early reports of post-acute infection sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC) emerged in the media,. In a recent study published in Nature Cardiovascular Research, researchers assessed the association between POTS (postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccinations. Third, the generalizability of this report is limited to a specific population. Bisaccia, G. et al. 'Given that COVID-19 vaccination elicits an immunological response to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein, there is biological plausibility for a similar, even if attenuated, systemic response to vaccine when compared to that seen from viral exposure.'Researchers 'evaluated the relation between COVID-19 vaccination and new POTS-related diagnoses . So he has offered to write me a prescription for Domperidone available out of Canada. eCollection 2022 Nov. See this image and copyright information in PMC. Allocate vaccines to EDs and UCs to be administered during patient discharge. He prescribed 20 pills 4 x daily for 5 days. 2022 Dec 7;10(12):2095. doi: 10.3390/vaccines10122095. Shaw, B. H. et al. Blitshteyn, S., Fedorowski, A. A similar analysis was performed in over 12,000 SARS-CoV-2 infection records. Dr.Kerryn Phelps is the former President of the Australian Medical Association (AMA). J. Intern. Bookshelf doi: 10.7759/cureus.31006. A 2022 review notes that an estimated 2% to 14% of people who've had COVID-19 may experience POTS in the months after their illness. Google Scholar. For COVID-19-vaccinated individuals, POTS odds were higher 90days post-vaccination compared to those 90days prior to vaccination. However, a causative relationship between HPV vaccines and increased incidence of POTS has not been thoroughly investigated. Called 911. with these terms and conditions. We hope that our results feed back to the community in a positive way and spur further research to solve the issues presented to the medical community as a whole by the COVID-19 pandemic. https://doi.org/10.1038/s44161-022-00177-8 (2022). 18, 115 (2018). This is despite several case series reported from different countries and two studies that demonstrated an increased signal for POTS and its associated symptom clusters following HPV vaccination, based on data from the World Health Organizations pharmacovigilance database and a meta-analysis of clinical study reports from 24 clinical trials9,10,11. My daughter had dizziness with first and second, in a delayed reaction that was probably inflammatory, but was okay with the third. Front Neurol. (1) The term " Post-COVID Conditions ," (2) sometimes referred to colloquially as . (I also still get the lower dose of flu shot due to fear of inflammatory reaction to the larger dose for us older folks.) We are able to more definitively say that we think that this is a real observation, he said. Johns Hopkins researchers continue study into brain stimulation reinforced with repetitive learning strategies to increase motor function after stroke. Rev. Gastroenterologist thought it was my gallbladder. 66, 744754 (2018). Any use of this site constitutes your agreement to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy and Conditions of Use linked below. Initially, the team compared novel POTS-related diagnoses odds to the odds for myocarditis (benchmark event) and CPC (common primary care) diagnoses (referent events). Thus, we examined the extent to which new diagnoses of POTS are increased following COVID-19 vaccination in our health system, a large quaternary care system in Los Angeles. Epub 2022 Jun 20. The selection of a physician should be made by you after careful . Maharaj N, Swarath S, Seecheran R, Seecheran V, Panday A, Seecheran N. Cureus. There does appear to be a small signal associating COVID-19 vaccines with POTS occurring after vaccine exposure within 90 days, Kwan told Dador. My GP put me on Oomneprazole(sp?). This is a summary of: Kwan, A. C. et al. Chen, G. et al. Cardiovascular specialist Alan C. Kwan, MD, is an investigator with the Smidt Heart Institute at Cedars-Sinai. Study shows COVID-19 rates were likely forty-times higher than CDC estimates during BA.4/BA.5 dominant period in the U.S. New cell-based assay shown to rapidly profile drug resistance to three widely used SARS-CoV-2 main protease inhibiting drugs, Rebounding of COVID-19 symptoms and viral load are common among untreated COVID-19 patients, 25% of COVID-19 patients have lasting reduction in lung function, I have had COVID twice. 2022, Kwan, A. C. We hope that our results can offer an evidence-based context of understanding for patients who experience POTS-like symptoms after COVID-19 vaccination, as well as their healthcare providers. Disclaimer. Latter that evening I try again to get out of bed and my heart went crazy! In collaboration with the Johns Hopkins Post-Acute COVID-19 Team (PACT) service, the Johns Hopkins Division of Infectious Disease and other domestic and international partners, Chung is coordinating research to understand the incidence of POTS after COVID-19 and whether the incidence is the same as after other infections. Came back the next day and said I might have POTS. Click here to watch the complete segment on ABC 7. System. As of mid July, they cant see me till late August 2023. I had my second dose as appropriate in late March. POTS has been around forever and gets exacerbated by viral illness or in . When comparing patients who developed COVID-19 between two weeks and six months following vaccination, vaccine efficacy appeared to be slightly lower in patients with higher weight and height. 285, 352366 (2019). On the Heels of COVID-19: Influx of Patients with POTS Symptoms. -, Garg RK, Paliwal VK. April 2022 kidney stones removed. We cannot guarantee that the information provided will be timely and accurate or that physicians on the list are accepting new patients, or that they accept insurance. July I visited my cardiologist, she ran Nuclear Stress test, normal, I wore a 24 hr heart monitor and my heart rate was as high as 165 at one point! I took it and felt better GI wise than I had since January. Most (62%) received the shot from Pfizer/BioNTech, 31% the one from Moderna, 7% the Janssen vaccine from Johnson & Johnson, and less than 0.1% a mix of other shots. In the USA, the pre-pandemic prevalence of POTS has been estimated to be in the range of 500,0003,000,000 people, affecting predominantly women of reproductive age and roughly 1 in 100 teenagers3. The COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly affected worldwide health through both acute illness and the long-term effects of infection. They found that the odds of POTS and associated diagnoses were higher in the 90 days after vaccine exposure than the 90 days before exposure, with a relative risk increase of 33%12. Even Less-Severe COVID-19 Can Have Long-term CV Effects, Apparent risks of postural orthostatic tachycardiac syndrome diagnoses after COVID-19 vaccination and SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, the odds ratio (1.1) was non-significantly higher, probably due to the low sample size. BMJ Medicine . Neurol Sci. J. Neurol. Retrieved on March 04, 2023 from https://www.news-medical.net/news/20221214/What-is-the-relation-between-COVID-19-vaccination-and-new-POTS-related-diagnoses.aspx. "Hi Sue, to be clear, I am not worried about developing POTS as a reaction to", "Hello - I have ulcerative colitis, fibromyalgia, degenerative disc disease, Reynaud'sI got the first Pfizer dose". Cardiol. Patients with postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome, a disorder of the autonomic nervous system, can experience a rapid heart beat, fainting and dizziness. HR 165 at peak. Patients with lymphoid malignancies have impaired humoral immunity caused by the disease itself and its treatment, placing them at risk for severe coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) and reduced response to vaccination. A number of physicians and patient groups subsequently reached out to us with their experiences and observations, which included increased patient presentations with POTS-like symptoms after COVID-19 vaccination. Masks are required inside all of our care facilities, COVID-19 testing locations on Maryland.gov, Johns Hopkins Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS) Program. -, Goodman BP, Khoury JA, Blair JE, Grill MF. Med. Norovirus, the No. . 5 days after I received the moderna vaccine I developed POTS symptoms. Dis. a, Post-vaccination odds by diagnosis in all patients. There are numerous triggers for POTS including viruses, vaccines, and an autoimmune basis. Thank you for visiting nature.com. However, current prevalence is likely significantly higher owing to post-COVID-19 POTS, which can develop as part of the post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC)4,5. By December 2020, the program had received a flood of referrals for patients exhibiting symptoms similar to those of POTS, after Chungs colleagues from comparable programs across the country were reporting that they, too, were receiving a large number of patient referrals dealing with POTS-like symptoms. The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). I had virtually no reaction to the first shot, and had fever and aches with the third, but no secondary autoimmune flare. Lorsque vous utilisez nos sites et applications, nous utilisons des, authentifier les utilisateurs, appliquer des mesures de scurit, empcher les spams et les abus; et. Heart Rhythm 12, e41e63 (2015). The Mayo clinic said they cant see me. As such, some of the affected individuals may have recovered later. News-Medical. In 17 of the cases, a COVID-19 vaccine caused myocarditis, a form of heart inflammation, pericarditis, a related condition, or both. After vaccination, the odds of a POTS-related diagnosis were 10% higher than the odds of a diagnosis not related to POTS. To obtain 71, 235248 (2020). We use cookies to enhance your experience. Additionally, POTS odds (1.3, n=4,526) were higher than CPC diagnoses odds (1.2, n=33,590) but lower than those for new POTS diagnoses post-COVID-19. 2023 Jan 26;15(1):e34236. There may be overlap eg, went to ER, then admitted to hospital. Further studies are also necessary to understand the pathophysiology underlying both POTS occurring after vaccine and POTS occurring after infection. The .gov means its official. No help with heart rate and GI. Beta Blockers were discussed but concern it would drop my blood pressure that was normal. -. Before Receive the the latest news, research, and presentations from major meetings right to your inbox. What is the relation between COVID-19 vaccination and new POTS-related diagnoses?. Only one reported recurrence of POTS symptoms. These scenarios include patients who begin having POTS symptoms during the acute phase of COVID-19, and patients who dont present with POTS symptoms until weeks after the acute phase. I started experiencing upper abdominal pain, gas, bloating, rapid heart rate about 2 weeks later. Fedorowski, A. et al. Now, POTS is being diagnosed among long COVID patients. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. Accessibility She and her partner were COVID-19 vaccine injured. Alan C. Kwan, Joseph E. Ebinger, Susan Cheng, Jlia Arany, Victor Bazan, Roger Villuendas, Tetsuya Akaishi, Tamotsu Onodera, Tadashi Ishii, Shigeru Shibata, Kazuo Kobayashi, Hiromi Rakugi, Anna Irene Vedel Srensen, Lampros Spiliopoulos, Anders Hviid, Hannah E. Davis, Lisa McCorkell, Eric J. Topol, Benjamin A. Satterfield, Deepak L. Bhatt & Bernard J. Gersh, Mateusz Soliski, Agnieszka Pawlak, Jan J. ebrowski, Nature Cardiovascular Research Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. The authors declare no competing interests. COVID-19 was associated with greater odds of both POTS-associated diagnoses (OR 1.52; 95% CI 1.33-1.72) and common primary care diagnoses (OR 1.40; 95% CI 1.31-1.50). Google Scholar. 40, 8190 (2017). Kwan, A. et al. The prevalence of POTS was documented in an international survey of 3,762 long-covid patients, leading researchers to conclude that all covid patients who have rapid heartbeat, dizziness, brain . Vaccines represent one of the most groundbreaking scientific advances that substantially reduced the mortality and morbidity associated with various infectious pathogens. Epub 2022 Jul 26. This site complies with the HONcode standard for trustworthy health information: verify here. Immunol Res. 2015 heart rhythm society expert consensus statement on the diagnosis and treatment of postural tachycardia syndrome, inappropriate sinus tachycardia, and vasovagal syncope. Logistic regression modeling was performed, and the odds ratios (OR) were calculated. 2023 Feb;62(2):92-95. doi: 10.1177/00099228221113609. The symptoms of POTS include but are not limited to lightheadedness (occasionally with fainting), difficulty thinking and concentrating (brain fog), fatigue, intolerance of exercise, headache, blurry vision, palpitations, tremor and nausea. Second, it clearly demonstrates that POTS and POTS-associated comorbidities occur more frequently after COVID vaccination than before, and much more frequently than myocarditis, which, despite increasing at a higher rate after vaccination, remains a rare post-vaccination complication. Copyright 2023. Continued studies is the the only way to get down to the truth and find treatments that work. Blitshteyn S, Whitelaw S. Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) and other autonomic disorders after COVID-19 infection: a case series of 20 patients. But will that be accessible enough? Cardiovasc. Researchers analyzed data on nearly 300,000 patients from the Cedars-Sinai Health System in Los Angeles County from 2020 to 2022 who had either received at least one dose of a COVID vaccine. In total, 686 individuals received POTS-related diagnoses post-COVID-19 and had similar demographic profiles as the overall SARS-CoV-2 infection population. Toshniwal Paharia, Pooja Toshniwal Paharia. National Library of Medicine However, reports of post-vaccination adverse events involving various cardiovascular and neurological manifestations, including POTS, have been mounting in the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System1. Furthermore, manual adjudication of a subset of 50 events was performed. But there are various treatments for POTS that have been effective for many patients.. Potential POTS association with COVID-19 vaccination weaker than with COVID-19 infection, https://doi.org/10.1038/s44161-022-00194-7. The face of postural tachycardia syndrome - insights from a large cross-sectional online community-based survey. Interestingly, among 12,460 individuals with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, the pre-infection incidence of POTS was 1.73%, compared with 3.42% after infection. Gastro says I am constipated(I am not) says I have IBS. It hurts too bad to eat/drink. For some patients, recovery from acute SARS-CoV-2 infection may involve continuing, recurrent, or new symptoms and clinical findings that persist for weeks, months, or longer. The study, published online Monday in Nature Cardiovascular Research, expands on sporadic reports of POTS occurring after COVID-19 vaccination by addressing the issue in a large cohort, Kwan told TCTMD. Connect with thousands of patients and caregivers for support and answers. The Moderna and Pfizer BioNTech vaccines prevented COVID-19 infection in cancer patients, particularly in those whose treatment concluded more than six months before vaccination, say researchers at Stanford, Harvard and the VA. December 2, 2021 - By Krista Conger. Alan C. Kwan, Joseph E. Ebinger, Susan Cheng, Jlia Arany, Victor Bazan, Roger Villuendas, Tetsuya Akaishi, Tamotsu Onodera, Tadashi Ishii, Shigeru Shibata, Kazuo Kobayashi, Hiromi Rakugi, Hannah E. Davis, Lisa McCorkell, Eric J. Topol, Benjamin A. Satterfield, Deepak L. Bhatt & Bernard J. Gersh, Prakash G. Kulkarni, Amul Sakharkar & Tanushree Banerjee, Mateusz Soliski, Agnieszka Pawlak, Jan J. ebrowski, Miguel A. Fernndez-Rojas, Marco A. Luna-Ruiz Esparza, Jonathan Alcntar-Fernndez, Nature Cardiovascular Research It doesnt quite bring it to the point of being able to tell an individual patient, This is what your specific odds of POTS are after a vaccination, but we believe this essentially brings some validity to the observation that POTS may occur after vaccination, though notably at a significantly lower rate than after [COVID-19 itself].. However, my internet research shows this is also a drug that should be used short term because of the same side effects, permanent muscle twitching, etc.. I am a 57 year old female who just prior to Covid walked 18 miles per week and swam 4 -8 hours per week. . Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. There is some evidence that the coronavirus that causes COVID-19 may also trigger a condition called postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) in people with long-haul COVID-19. Who can help?? In October 2020, Chung launched a clinic specifically for patients who were once infected with SARS-CoV-2 the virus that causes COVID-19 and who now experience severe fatigue; orthostatic tachycardia, dizziness or intolerance to standing; chronic muscle pain; headache; and nausea, vomiting or irritable bowel syndrome. I am not sure where to direct you next, although your cardiologist might have access to current information in their medical journals. 1) and was reported in the literature after immunization with Gardasil, a human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, in 2010 and, more recently, after the administration of COVID-19 vaccines6,7,8. Cardiovasc. Two sequencesymmetry analyses were performed with different retrospective cohorts of individuals who received COVID-19 vaccinations and those with COVID-19 history. doi: 10.1146/annurev-med-041818-011630. Med. A coordinator will follow up to see if Mayo Clinic is right for you. Internet Explorer). Med. For most of the conditions investigated, post-COVID-19 rates were greater than those observed post-SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations. Second, the general awareness and diagnostic vigilance of POTS and access to adequate diagnostic modalities are decisive for POTS incidence reliability. A condition called POTS rose after covid, but patients can't find care. All Rights Reserved. News-Medical. Request free assistance: The program was among the first-of-its-kind in the U.S. in 2020, and medical institutions across the country approached the team for guidance on developing their own ambulatory post-COVID-19 clinics. Vaccines (Basel). Yes, I would like to receive additional information from Johns Hopkins Medicine. Apparent risks of postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome diagnoses after COVID-19 vaccination and SARS-Cov-2 Infection, https://www.nature.com/articles/s44161-022-00177-8, Pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 viral components on human periodontal tissues and cells, Study results provide strong evidence for association of genetic markers to long COVID mappable to fatigue, Evidence that cross-reactive immunity from common human coronaviruses can influence response to SARS-CoV-2. An official website of the United States government. Nat. She is the highest ranking Australian medical doctor to admit to being COVID-19 vaccine injured (read more here):"This is an issue that I have witnessed first-hand with my wife who suffered a severe neurological reaction to her first Pfizer vaccine within . 2022 Aug;32(4):307-311. doi: 10.1007/s10286-022-00880-3. The primary and secondary cohorts comprised COVID-19 vaccinees and SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals, respectively. Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome after mRNA COVID-19 vaccine. The investigators found that the risk of developing POTS after vaccination is less than five cases per million doses. The study is based on a large series of approximately 300,000 vaccinated individuals from one geographic territory in the USA (Los Angeles County), with 0.27% new post-vaccination POTS diagnoses compared with 0.18% in the pre-vaccination period, giving an odds ratio of 1.52 for post-vaccination POTS diagnoses12. I appreciate reading this. Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter what matters in science, free to your inbox daily. First, it undeniably establishes POTS and dysautonomia in general as adverse events after vaccination that should be recognized and investigated as other well-accepted post-vaccination syndromes, such as GuillainBarre syndrome and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. Similarly, mechanistic studies investigating POTS following SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccination are needed to determine causation and delineate the underlying immune-mediated mechanism, possibly involving the spike protein and/or formation of autoantibodies to G-protein-coupled receptors and other targets in the cardiovascular system and beyond13. Despite these limitations, the study by Kwan et al.12 is of major importance to POTS research and patient care for several reasons. So sweet of you, thanks Sue, I did the same thing and also found this. For most of the conditions examined, including POTS-associated diagnoses, rates after SARS-CoV-2 infection were higher than those seen after receipt of one of the vaccines.
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