Due to time constraints, a helicopter insertion would be needed for the teams to reach the peak before dawn. Mission commanders are trained with methods to analyze risk factors to mitigate them. departed Afghanistan; the CTF Mountain headquarters staff followed in early September. Naturally, an individual or group disagrees with the ideology of the invasive force and now the prospect of war is introduced into the equation. We're here to answer any questions you have about our services. Mako 30 and Lt. Cmdr. To export a reference to this article please select a referencing stye below: If you are the original writer of this essay and no longer wish to have your work published on UKEssays.com then please: Our academic writing and marking services can help you! The entire process has taught the involved parties on how to conduct a joint operation effectively. The commander is faced with the responsibility to plan for the success of the mission with the information given regardless of how inadequate the intelligence seems. In Operation Anaconda, the Joint Commander (JC) failed to utilize the Air Force capabilities available to him in an effective manner, which significantly extended the duration of the mission and the amount of casualties his forces incurred. These six principles are as follows; build cohesive teams through mutual trust, create shared understanding, provide a clear commanders intent, exercise disciplined initiative, use mission orders, and accept prudent risk. Free resources to assist you with your university studies! . Operation Anaconda Command Structure. Once dismissed as representative of narrative closure and bourgeois ideology, realism has made a remarkable comeback in recent years as a predominant trend in world cinema and television productions, as well as a topical line of enquiry in audiovisual theory. MilitaryScienceCaseAnalysis.docx. The multiple commanders had no control over the other forces, and allied Afghan forces had equipment support to complete the mission. Debatably, competence is the most essential principle relating directly to the commander. The shift came . Afghanistan Cave Complexes 19792004: Mountain strongholds of the Mujahideen, Taliban & Al Qaeda. CIA paramilitary officers, working with their allies, attempted to destroy al-Qaeda and Taliban forces. This operation would test our military's readiness for joint operations against a hardened and willing adversary. Blaber, Pete. This command structure consisted of multiple commanders of various agencies whom all had an individual role in the success of the operation. [23], Despite heavy opposition, Task Force Rakkasan managed to secure its blocking positions to the north by the middle of the morning. Danger, mental and physical injury and death is a risk in any military operation. Thus, changing the approach to all future engagements and how they would be governed. Airpower Against Terror Americas Conduct of Enduring Freedom. Joint Planning During Operation Anaconda Operation Anaconda was the first large-scale Army combat operation that was carried out as part of Operation Enduring Freedom. Major General Franklin L. Hagenbeck, Commander, Combined Joint Task Force Mountain, was put in command of the operation. John Chapman, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Operation_Anaconda&oldid=1125068720, Coalition victory, Taliban evacuates and suffers heavy casualties. As they discussed a possible mission abort, the helicopter was met with effective RPG fire. John Chapman was alive and fighting on the peak after the SEALs left rather than being killed outright as thought by Mako 30. Operation Anaconda began before dawn on 2 March 2002. [citation needed] Though the change may have been meant to enhance direct control of the rescue of the downed SEAL atop Takur Ghar, it had the critical effect of severely limiting communications between the different teams participating in the battle. Change). Operation Anaconda was one of the largest-scale operations conducted by the US-led international coalition against the forces of al-Qaeda and Taliban. "Roberts Ridge" Bantam Dell (New York), 2013.: Macpherson, Malcolm. Student's Name University Course Professor Date. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/apus/reader.action?docID=817138#, https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/apus/reader.action?docID=618737&ppg=208, https://www.defense.gov/Explore/Features/Story/Article/1736210/medal-of-honor-monday-navy-master-chief-britt-slabinski/. At approximately 03:00, the Chinook attempted to land atop the mountain. At this point it became clear that Al Qaeda fighters had been expecting an attack. It provided an example of the ability of the American military to accomplish the mission in the face of adversity and to succeed regardless of the chances for success. Huggins also had support from artillery, aviation, military intelligence, and other units. This action earned him the Congressional Medal of Honor. The firefight was over in minutes; of the 18 al-Qaeda fighters, 16 were killed and two were wounded. Develop an analytical essay using the six principles of mission command to appraise and compare the Operation Anaconda Case Study, March 2002. Operation Anaconda was the first major joint combat operation against the war on terror that the US was committed to winning. The competence of Americas military forces was tested in the battles of Operation Anaconda (OA). There are countless examples available from various American battles but one, in particular, is notable in OA. It is evident through the course of human events that war is an inherent endeavor revealed within our will to survive. Razor 03 attempted to return and retrieve him, but the damage prevented proper control and the helicopter was forced to crash-land in the valley below, approximately 4 miles away. TF Panther deployed to Afghanistan in late June 2002 and would serve under CTF 82 until 5 December 2002. All work is written to order. While this operation was considered an overall success, in the end, initial mission plans and the intent were far from being met. Stephen Biddle has characterized Operation Anaconda as a "series of surprisingly orthodox ground battles. Mission command is accomplished through the execution of staff tasks that are defined by the commander tasks and these tasks define the mission command warfighting function. You are required to give an in depth introduction of your topic. An undetermined number of rebels are said to have escaped the fighting through rugged terrain. Mission orders rely on individual initiative and provide the maximum freedom of choice in how to best accomplish the assigned mission. A shared understanding of the common operating picture is now a prerequisite, and that shared understanding supports only one (not multiple) intent(s). They were able to establish communications via a line-of-sight radio with the teams of the AFO positioned around the Takur Ghar, taking advantage of the AFO's knowledge of enemy movements in real time. Only after the adaptation of mission orders did the acceptable prudent risk factor become acceptable. Operation Anaconda was a necessary evil. (2005). Since the battle of Tora Bora in 2001, OA was the first large scale battle in Afghanistan. It was fought in difficult mountain conditions and ended up with an American . The surviving crew and quick-reaction force took cover in a hillock and a fierce firefight began. Here you can choose which regional hub you wish to view, providing you with the most relevant information we have for your specific region. [27] This report has not been confirmed. using some of the principles of Competence, mutual trust shared understanding, mission orders, commander's intent, disciplined initiative, and or risk accepted, Analyze and evaluate the major points of the case study for research to write your persuasive essay. Naylor, Sean. Our academic experts are ready and waiting to assist with any writing project you may have. The U.S. forces had a mission to secure the escape routes out of the valley. As the CH-47 neared their return, the AC-130 radioed on the new satellite frequency for confirmation to fire. Operation Anaconda was carried out in Shahikot Valley in eastern Afghanistan by the United States forces during early March 2002. [7], The Shahi-Kot (which translates as the 'Place of the King') stretches 9km in length and 5km across at its widest point. A former KSK commander is quoted in the German magazine Stern to have said: 'The pictures of Abu Ghraib, the torture in Iraqi prison camps, did absolutely not surprise me.'[36]. The level or prudent risk instantly increased to an unacceptable level as soon as the battle began. Knowledge and experience are increased through self-development, training, education, classwork, and realistic simulations. Mansoor fortified the valley, digging trench systems, building bunkers and firing positions into the ridgelines, many of which would be put to effect during the operation. A rocket-propelled grenade then hit the helicopter, destroying the right engine and forcing it to crash land. At 06:30 the first wave of Rakkasans and Mountain troops landed via Chinook helicopter along the eastern and northern edges of the valley to await the fleeing fighters at their assigned blocking positions. Page 352: Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry, Learn how and when to remove this template message, 160th Special Operations Aviation Regiment, record for the longest combat kill by a sniper, "Uzbek Militancy in Pakistan's Tribal Region", "Taliban celebrates 2002 battle in which it defended Al Qaeda", "Report: Friendly fire killed U.S. soldier", "Seymour Hersh's alternative history of Bush's war", The U.S. Army in Afghanistan Operation ENDURING FREEDOM October 2001 - March 2002, https://web.archive.org/web/20040728014146/http://www.stripesonline.com/, BBC News: Al Qaeda 'executed US serviceman', Strategypage interview of Col. Wiercinski, Executive Summary of the Battle of Takur Ghar (pdf), VFW Magazine: Valor in the Face of the Enemy - Air Force Cross awarded to Senior Airman Jason Dean Cunningham and Tech. Operation Anaconda was an American-organized mission that involved the American soldiers who purposed to dig fighting positions in Afghanistan. Operation Anaconda in Afghanistan. 3 references, APA Format and original work. While attempting to land at the top of Taku Ghar, their helicopter was hit with an RPG. Operation Anaconda suffered many obstacles, making the mission multiheaded without a clear shared understanding, which affected its outcome (ADP, 2019). (2007). This was the first operation in the Afghanistan theater to involve a large number of U.S. forces participating in direct combat activities. He realized he would not return home to see his son. Meanwhile, the 3rd battalion were dropped into the northern end of the valley with the objective of linking up with the stranded forces at the blocking positions. Operation Anaconda was a military battle carried out against al Qaeda and Taliban forces. Operations planning took place in February of 2002 and was executed from 2-16 March. Operation ANACONDA was ultimately a success. 3.3 foreign exchange department (fed) foreign exchange transaction plays a vital role in the economic development of a nation. And because there is also inherent goodness within the will of human endeavor, so is the attempt to minimize death and casualties. The exercise of mission command assimilates mission command philosophy with mission command warfighting functions. From this concept, the philosophy of the seven principles of mission command has become discovered. General Varenikov, the commanding officer of the Soviet leadership, complained that the Afghan forces failed to develop an accurate picture of the Mujahideen defense in Zhawar, despite having enough time to do so.16 Yet, even after the Soviets took the lead, their The wounded were refused medevac during the daylight hours, due to risk of another downed helicopter. (2019). U.S. forces had estimated the strength of the rebels in the Shahi-Kot Valley at 150 to 200, but later information suggested the actual strength was of 500 to 1,000 fighters. The aircraft immediately began taking fire, and the right door minigunner, Sergeant Phillip Svitak, was killed by small arms fire. Here you can choose which regional hub you wish to view, providing you with the most relevant information we have for your specific region. Two Rocket Propelled Grenades slammed into the helicopter, shutting down one of its engines, the electric system, and the hydraulic systems and causing Petty Officer First Class Neil C. Roberts to fall out of the open ramp. Both teams of SEAL operators now opened fire down on the enemy fighters in a crossfire and the third Chinook landed its operators nearby to investigate a suspicious looking vehicle. The planning process lacked commander's intent, understanding, and mutual trust. Blaber was notified that the SEALs were forced to insert on the peak in order to fulfill the order to infil Mako 30 that night. Grim 31 engaged the column, resulting in the death of Harriman and wounding several Afghan militia and U.S. special forces.[21]. In the seven years of study and debate since 2002, key players from both sides have for the most Effective mission command can generally be analyzed according to the six principles outlined in ADRP 6-0. The six principles of mission command are: build cohesive teams through mutual trust, create shared understanding, provide a clear commander's intent, exercise disciplined initiative, use mission orders, and accept prudent risk. "[34] He rejects the popular characterization of the operation as a guerilla war.[34]. (1) Even though headquarters published the warning order on 6 January, the Combined Force Air Component . "F-14 Tomcat Units of Operation Enduring Freedom", 2013, Neville, Leigh, Special Forces in the War on Terror (General Military), Osprey Publishing, 2015. The Essay Writing ExpertsUK Essay Experts. Shadow Warriors: A History of the US Army Rangers. Ropel was later awarded the Bronze Star Medal with a Valor device for his actions. He called in another helicopter and led the rest of his teammates back up the mountain where he was convinced in his mind he would not return home from this rescue attempt. The QRF's Chalk 2 moved up the mountain to assist Chalk 1. Mutual trust between these groups should exist to share intelligence and information regarding the operational environment. US Department of Defense. Operation Anaconda lacked unityThe United States Air Force, USAF, was recognized on 18 September 1947. American forces eventually gained the upper hand, inflicting heavy casualties on the Taliban forces and pushing them out of the valley. Operation Anaconda was a military operation that took place in early March 2002 as part of the War in Afghanistan. In his mind, as the mission commander of his team, he calculated the risk against him and his team. [30][31], General Tommy Franks declares Operation Anaconda over, later describing it "an unqualified and complete success. As Air Force rules prohibited AC-130 aircraft from remaining in hostile airspace in daylight after the crash of an AC-130 in Khafji in the Gulf War, the AC-130 support protecting Mako 30 was forced to leave before Razor 01 reached the LZ, although the leadership was aware that Razor 01 was incoming. Case Study of Operation Anaconda in Afghanistan. The seven principles of mission command are applicable in every combat scenario. TF Hammer's attack stalled short of entering the valley, due to unexpected heavy small arms and mortar fire, combined with the lack of expected close air support. Maj. Gen. Frank Hagenbeck did confirm that al-Qaeda fighters were seen (on live video feed from a Predator drone orbiting the firefight) chasing Roberts, and later dragging his body away from the spot where he fell. As TF Hammer continued, it suffered from a lack of unit cohesion because of the transportation difficulties. Even though all overhead imagery showed no signs of life on the peak of Takur Ghar, LCDR Hyder gave the team final guidance per SOP that if any signs were seen, mission would be aborted. "Roberts Ridge" Bantam Dell (New York), 2013. The SEAL fire team, Mako 30, was picked up by an MH-47 Chinook helicopter, at 23:23 on 3 March. Special operations teams from the AFO detachment led by Lieutenant Colonel Pete Blaber were to provide on-location reconnaissance in the Shahi-Kot Valley for the operation. Don't waste time Get a verified expert to help you with Operation Anaconda Battle Analysis Hire verified writer Then analyze the Operation using the 7 Principles of Mission Command: competence, mutual trust, shared understanding, commander's intent, mission orders, discipline initiative, and risk acceptance. Canadian and U.S. sniper teams and Afghan forces begin to sweep the Shahi-Kot valley area to root out rebel forces regrouping in the valley after the fall of the Taliban regime. Provide transitional sentences from one topic to the next. Osprey Publishing, 2005. They were not proficiently trained in the type of warfare they were being tasked to execute. Hyder moved down the mountain with their wounded. Intelligence assessments for Operation Anaconda presented the scenario that the coming battle would be fought with light arms and would last no more than three days, instead, it lasted seven days with intense combat and terminated after seventeen days. The earlier phase of the war had been conducted without a joint commander. However, the Chinook experienced engine difficulties, and new MH-47s were dispatched to replace the original helicopters. The first shots rung out the infantry took up security positions around the HLZ as the Chinooks lifted off and departed. Operation Anaconda would have greatly benefited from a unified command structure, because of the command structure that the operation used there were many issues with planning, integration, and confusion. Task Force Rakkasan: 3rd Brigade, 101st Airborne Division, 1st and 2nd battalion 187th Infantry Regiment, 1st Battalion, 87th Infantry Regiment, 10th Mountain Division. On the second day, U.S. forces modified its original plan from a hammer-and-anvil focus to one that would see mass air fires on the valleys eastern sides in support of the U.S. Armys positions there. During OA, the Afghan alliance fighting side by side with American Soldiers became demoralized and eventually retreated. Though they weren't given a specific mission, they were to establish communication for further instructions upon reaching Gardez, 10 minutes from the mountain. Slabinskis primary mission was to take a SEAL team up a 10,000-foot snowy mountain and establish an observation post to report enemy movement. If you need assistance with writing your essay, our professional essay writing service is here to help! Leaders cannot stress enough the significance of fabricating a command structure for combat operations. The seven principles of mission command are applicable in every combat scenario. 1,300 words on the Operation Anaconda Case Study. The quick reaction force (QRF) consisted of 19 Rangers, a Tactical Air Control Party (Tacp), and a three-man USAF special tactics team carried by two Chinooks, Razor 01 and Razor 02. At the end of Operation Anaconda, the US and Afghan forces had succeeded at removing the majority of the Al-Qaeda and Taliban presence from the Shahi-Kot Valley. 1,300 words on the Operation Anaconda Case Study. Disclaimer: This is an example of a student written essay.Click here for sample essays written by our professional writers. Looking for a flexible role? The way the operation was planned and executed highlighted the need for a paradigm shift in the way the U.S. conducted military operations. The battle area occupied about 60 square miles. Counterinsurgency: The operation, carried out by Soldiers of Company D, 1st Battalion, 8th Cavalry Regiment, was part of the continuous effort to sweep out insurgent strongholds. Operation Anaconda is one of many battles one can study and learn from immeasurable contingencies and circumstances. AFO's only frustration was that Rakkasan ETAC/JTAC had priority for calling in airstrikes over the AFOs requests and the other SOF reconnaissance teams in and around the valley. However, valuable lessons were learned from Operation Anaconda and utilized in future engagements. The operation began on March, 1, 2002, and lasted for 17 days, taking place in the Shahikot Valley of eastern Afghanistan (Council on Foreign Relations, 2017). AMF (Afghan Militia Forces): Commander Zia (Task Force Hammer), Kamil Khan and Zakim Khan (Task Force Anvil). Australian soldiers had utilised 'virtual reality' style software for mission rehearsal prior to insertion, and this contributed significantly to their situational awareness in the darkness and poor weather conditions. Competence is gained by knowledge and experience. It was then called away to support other troops before the Chinook arrived. Operation Anaconda Introduction The philosophy of mission command is guided by six interdependent principles: building mutual trust, creating shared understanding, providing a clear commander's intent, applying specific action, implementing mission commands, and accepting strategic risk. From simple essay plans, through to full dissertations, you can guarantee we have a service perfectly matched to your needs. When the execution of Operation Anaconda occurred, U.S. military presence in Afghanistan was not yet fully mature. "[6] Predator drone footage also shows the possibility that TSgt. As events unfolded, commanders were able to quickly adapt to the realization of their predicament. Other units that took part are the B Co. 159th Avn Rgt, 75th Ranger Regiment,[18] Joint Special Operations Command and CIA's Special Activities Division and British Royal Marines. No plagiarism, guaranteed! Hyder saw the need to assist Mako 21 who at that time had two dead and two injured, one of them non-ambulatory. The goal of shared understanding is that commanders, staffs, and unified action partners will possess a shared understanding of their operational environment, the operations purpose, problems, and approaches to solving them. The SEAL team set up defenses, attempted to warm the wounded, and waited for dark when a recovery would be attempted. This operation was designed to finish off the remaining Taliban and al Qaeda forces that were remaining after several months of intense combat who had gathered in Shahikot Valley. Command and control have evolved into a well thought out structured philosophy now acknowledged as mission command. Then develop the body of the paper fully *You can also browse our support articles here >. Operation Anaconda not have had an ideal start, but after a few days and some recalibration, the tide turned for the better. [22], The troops of the 1st Battalion, 87th Infantry Regiment in the southern landing zones (LZs) faced the heaviest fighting. This commander would have the authority to assign resources according to real-time need. Behind every idea is a fundamental structure. 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