(He famously checked the stability of the shack by hosting a large party and putting the band and the punch bowl at the weak end. Charles Proteus Steinmetz/Date of birth. [citation needed], As socialist meetings and press had been banned in Germany, Steinmetz fled to Zrich in 1889 to escape possible arrest. His book Devil in the Grove: Thurgood Marshall, the Groveland Boys, and the Dawn of a New America won the Pulitzer Prize in 2013. By the time Charles died in 1923, he was as famous as Albert Einstein. Charles Steinmetz and Thomas Edison each enjoy a cigar as they take a short respite from a tour of the GE plant in 1922. Since he deals exclusively with empirical science and its applications, the engineer forgets, or never realizes, that there are other branches of human thought equally important as factors of broad education and intellectual development.[15] Soon most electrical engineering departments required a rounded education for their students, a practice that continues to this day. These hereditary problems perpetuated themselves through three generations of males in his family. He changed his first name to "Charles" in order to sound more American, and chose the middle name "Proteus", a wise hunchbacked character from the Odyssey who knew many secrets, after a childhood epithet given by classmates Steinmetz felt suited him. Froehlich, Fritz; Kent, Allen (editors, 1990). While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. He soon obtained a job with a small electrical firm owned by Rudolf Eickemeyer in Yonkers, N.Y. At about the same time, Steinmetz Americanized his first name to Charles and substituted Proteus, a university nickname, for his two middle names. Birthday parties included liquids and gasses exploding in Bunsen burners scattered decoratively around the house. | READ MORE. He was born on April 9, 1865 in Breslau, Germany, (modern-day Wrocaw, Poland) and was educated at the universities of Breslau and Berlin, and the Polytechnic in Zurich, Switzerland, specializing in mathematics, electrical engineering, and chemistry, and teaching mathematics at the same time. Jonathan Norton Leonard. Meanwhile, Steinmetz, who always liked to live communally, became particularly close to a shy young engineer named Joseph LeRoy Roy Hayden. [39], In May 2015, a life-size bronze statue of Charles Steinmetz meeting Thomas Edison by sculptor and caster Dexter Benedict was unveiled on a plaza on the corner of Erie Boulevards and South Ferry Street in Schenectady. [13], Despite his earlier efforts and interest in socialism, by 1922 Steinmetz concluded that socialism would never work in the United States, because the country lacked a "powerful, centralized government of competent men, remaining continuously in office", and because "only a small percentage of Americans accept this viewpoint today". Privacy Statement [34], A 1914 "Duplex Drive Brougham" Detroit Electric automobile that once belonged to Steinmetz was purchased by Union College in 1971, and restored for use in campus ceremonies. [13], At the time of his death, Steinmetz held over 200 patents:[3], 19th and 20th-century mathematician and electrical engineer, Quoting from Alger, "Steinmetz was truly the patron saint of the GE motor business.". Steinmetz also greatly advanced the understanding of lightning. By 1914, as I said before, Steinmetz agreed to let Edison use his words and images to promote Edisons battery. ; the next year he was transferred to Schenectady as chief consulting engineer, remaining in that position until his death. It was around this time that the press started to get interested in Steinmetz. [7] GE research laboratory was the source of many important discoveries over the years and was an inspiration for other research labs, like Bell labs which were created in 1925.[8]. Schenectady County Historical Society 32 Washington Ave. Schenectady, NY 12305 518-374-0263 . Proteus was as happy as hed ever been in his life. Soon, Steinmetz was dining each night in his home with Hayden and his wife, Corrine, a stout, round-faced French-Canadian. If we move in with you, she eventually told him, I must run the house as I see fit.. [5] Tom D. Crouch A Dream of Wings (W. W. Norton, 2002), 172. Omissions? He at once began to indoctrinate the engineers with his method of calculating alternating-current circuits. ABOUT. Henry Ford was thrilled until he got an invoice from General Electric in the amount of $10,000. Quoting from Hammond, "This has placed him before the public as an atheist. Despite his professional successes, there was emptiness in Steinmetzs life, which he rectified with a maneuver that helped secure his reputation as the Bohemian scientist. He spent his first few years in Schenectady in a bachelor circle of GE engineers, hiking, canoeing and experimenting with photography. With a showmans flourish, he flipped a switch and produced lighting bolts that splintered large blocks of wood, decimated the steeple on a white chapel and split a miniature tree. He died on October 26 in Schenectady, New York. Where was Charles P Steinmetz born and raised? By the turn of the twentieth century, Steinmetz had started construction on a large house on Wendell Avenue, in the area where GE executives lived. Not much taller than the children who ran about his laboratory and greenhouse, Steinmetz entertained them with stories of dragons and goblins, which he illustrated with fireworks he summoned from various mixtures of sodium and hydrogen in pails of water. [8][9] He was baptized as a Lutheran into the Evangelical Church of Prussia. Without Charles Steinmetz's theories of alternating current, the expansion of the electric power industry in the United States in the early 20th century would have been greatly delayed. [further explanation needed] He was a member and adviser to the fraternity Phi Gamma Delta at Union College, whose chapter house was one of the first electrified residences. Updates? In 1910, GE created that department and made Steinmetz the head. When the engineers complied, the generator was fixed! Ford, whose electrical engineers couldnt solve some problems they were having with a gigantic generator, called Steinmetz in to the plant. The trip exhausted the 58-year-old scientist, and on October 26, back in his home on Wendell Avenue, his grandson Billy brought him breakfast on a tray, only to observe Steinmetz lying motionless on his bed, a physics book by his side. From then on GE used Edisons image as their logo and spokesman and used Steinmetzs image and story as their way to talk about AC without involving the people who were unrelated to GE like Micheal Dolivo-Dobrovolsky, Westinghouse, Stanley, or Tesla. Steinmetz thoroughly enjoyed the comparison. By this time, Steinmetzs reputation was exploding, at least with engineers. He asked for an itemized bill. Steinmetz, Scott wrote, responded personally to Fords request with the following: Knowing where to make mark $9,999. There has been no such thing as conservation. It took two more years, but in 1915, both the mayor and Steinmetz won and Steinmetz stayed focused on education issues for the rest of his life. [35] Ford started envisioning recreating Edisons Menlo Park lab at his museum with the long-range plan of hosting a big party in October 1929 to celebrate the 50th anniversary of Edisons manufacture of his first incandescent lamp. Although some of the details are subtly different, the punchline was the same. Using complex mathematical equations, Steinmetz developed ways to analyze values in alternating current circuits. z l] (electromagnetism) The energy converted into heat per unit volume per cycle during a cyclic change of magnetization is proportional to the maximum magnetic induction raised to the 1.6 power, the constant of proportionality depending only on the material. STEINMETZ, CHARLESElectrical engineer and socialist Charles Proteus Steinmetz (1865-1923), born in Breslau, Germany, on April 9, was a public figure of the Progressive Era who tried to engineer a better society by creating an early code of engineering ethics, running for political office, and advocating a technocratic form of socialism. Steinmetz acted in the following professional capacities: He was granted an honorary degree from Harvard University in 1901[20] and a doctorate from Union College in 1903. Meanwhile, Steinmetz continued to be an active socialist, if not a particularly radical one. [16], Steinmetz's work revolutionized AC circuit theory and analysis, which had been carried out using complicated, time-consuming calculus-based methods. Moe sarcastically refers to Curly as a "Steinmetz" in the 1944 Three Stooges short Busy Buddies. The following day, a headline in the New York Times proclaimed, Modern Jove Hurls Lighting at Will. Steinmetzs work led to the measures used to protect power equipment from lightning strikes. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The Hayden children had a grandfather, Daddy Steinmetz, who ensured that they grew up in a household filled with wonder. U.S. Patent No. Steinmetz was never married, fearful that deformed children like himself would be born, but had "acquired" a family by adopting a young engineer, J.L. Steinmetz experiments on power losses in the magnetic materials used in electrical machinery led to his first important work, the law of hysteresis. [24] Steinmetz Electric Truck Called Marvel by Experts The American Monthly vol. The German-born American mathematician and electrical engineer Charles Proteus Steinmetz (1865-1923), by devoting himself to industrial research, made fundamental contributions to the development of both electricity and the industrial laboratory. Steinmetz's first important research was on hysteresis, by which power is lost because of magnetic resistance. [4] These were conducted in a football field-sized laboratory at General Electric, using 120,000 volt generators. At General Electric, Steinmetz gained an expanded opportunity for research and implementation of his ideas. His contributions to mathematics and electrical engineering made him one of the most beloved and instantly recognizable men of his time. [28] Charles Steinmetz Four Lectures on Relativity and Space (McGraw-Hill, 1923), v. [29] Man-Made Lightning Under Control Schenectady Works, vol. Steinmetz was a lifelong agnostic. [3] A genius in both mathematics and electronics, he did work that earned him the nicknames "Forger of Thunderbolts"[4] and "The Wizard of Schenectady". Upon arriving, Steinmetz rejected all assistance and asked only for a notebook, pencil and cot. What did Charles Proteus Steinmetz do? Charles Proteus Steinmetz (April 9, 1865, - October 26, 1923) was born in Breslau, Prussia (part of Germany at the time) (now known as Wroclaw, Poland). 31. Why dont you come and live with me? he asked. He developed theories for alternating current that made possible the expansion of the electric power industry in the United States. [2] Hammond, Charles Proteus Steinmetz: A Biography, 221. When did Charles Proteus Steinmetz publish his paper? Karl August Rudolf Steinmetz, (born April 9, 1865, Breslau, Prussiadied Oct. 26, 1923, Schenectady, N.Y., U.S.), German-born U.S. electrical engineer. Similar to Nikola Tesla, Steinmetz received his education at a European University. [31] Steinmetz quoted in Still Greater Developments The Mining Congress Journal, vol. But knowing that his deformity was congenital (both his father and grandfather were afflicted with kyphosis, an abnormal curvature of the upper spine), Steinmetz chose not to marry, fearful of passing on his deformity. [citation needed], Following the Gymnasium, Steinmetz went on to the University of Breslau to begin work on his undergraduate degree in 1883. He chose Proteus as his middle namethe nickname his professors in Germany had affectionately bestowed upon him in recognition of the shape-shifting sea god. [45], A famous anecdote about Steinmetz concerns a troubleshooting consultation at Henry Ford's River Rouge Plant. Letters to the Editors. Life, May 14, 1965. At 24, he left Germany because his socialistic affiliations barred him from preferment, and came to the United States practically penniless and knowing almost no English. Heart attack In his later years Steinmetz also engaged in public affairs to a considerable degree, serving as president of the Board of Education of Schenectady, N.Y., and as president of the city council. [16] Charles Steinmetz America and the New Epoch (Harper & Brothers, 1916) ix. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Charles-Proteus-Steinmetz, Engineering and Technology History Wiki - Biography of Charles Proteus Steinmetz, Edison Tech Center - Engineering Hall of Fame - Biography of Charles P. Steinmetz, Lemelson-MIT Program - Biography of Charles Steinmetz, Charles P. Steinmetz - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). Before long, the greatest scientific minds of the time were traveling to Schenectady to meet with the prolific little giant; anecdotal tales of these meetings are still told in engineering classes today. He loved children and was loved by them. Male Occupation electrical engineer An electronics genius, Charles Proteus Steinmetz founded the General Electriclaboratory and refined and standardized the study and notation of alternating current circuitry. 6 (March 1903), 145. [16] Eickemeyer's firm developed transformers for use in the transmission of electrical power among many other mechanical and electrical devices. He was doing all this to actually test lightning arresters (the lightning protectors for electrical power lines) for the first time. Steinmetz immediately offered his services and was nominated to be on the board of Education which elected him president. The Charles P. Steinmetz Memorial Lecture series was begun in his honor in 1925, sponsored by the Schenectady branch of the IEEE. Steinmetz said that a small tree, exposed to the discharge, is torn to pieces. You can see how they did this in this clip from a 1976 GE promotional film. The Man Who Tamed Lightning: Charles Proteus Steinmetz. Tesla sailed for America in 1884, arriving in New York with four cents in his pocket, a few of his own poems, and calculations for a flying machine. There he joined a student socialist club, which was banned by the government after becoming affiliated with the German Social Democrats. What It Is and What It Has Accomplished. Journal of Chemical Education. In the groundbreaking paper, "Complex Quantities and Their Use in Electrical Engineering", presented at a July 1893 meeting published in the American Institute of Electrical Engineers (AIEE), Steinmetz simplified these complicated methods to "a simple problem of algebra". Hayden, who later married and lived in the house with his wife and children that Charles had built for them. Back at General Electric, he brought in a gigantic apparatus, then another. [26] Einstein visits high power radio RCA News, Vol. This method was an example of using mathematical aids for engineering the design of machinery and power lines, so that the performance of the electrical system could be predicted in advance without the necessity of going through the expensive and uncertain process of building the system first and then testing it for its efficiency. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. He expressed his desire to communicate his fundamental knowledge to others in the sfimulating instruction he gave to his assistants at the General Electric and in the publication of a large number of scientific papers and electrical books, which have long been accepted as standard textbooks in colleges, laboratories, and workshops. Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998. Steinmetz, Charles Proteus. However, he was stymied by the board of apportionment which never seemed to be willing to pay for all of this. Most often asked questions related to bitcoin. [12] Joseph Laub (director) Phasors Steinmetz and Union (2014) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8ddmM3EAzwY. He served as president of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers in 190102. At the time of his death, Steinmetz held over 200 patents. Steinmetzs lightning produced over a million horsepower for a hundred-thousandth of a second. It would make their long working hours more convenient, and the house offered space he and Corrine could never afford on their own. He taught at Union College from 1902. In 1894 he arrived in. What do you do if your car overheats and wont start? One result of Steinmetzs growing reputation was his employment by General Electric Company in its consulting department. Forced to leave Germany because of his socialist activities, he emigrated to the U.S. in 1889 and began working for General Electric Co. in 1893. Steinmetz was excited as he had never been to the West coast. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Manage My Data Ford was delighted until he got a bill for $10,000, at which point he demanded an itemized bill. However, these early cars were very difficult to operate especially for Steinmetz with his physical limitations, so he started to tinker with them and by March 1920 declared that he had made a better system and actually formed his own company, the Steinmetz Electric Motor Car Company.[23] Some Steinmetz trucks were produced in 1922 and had very good press.[24]. [13], After an uneasy start, the arrangement worked well for all parties, especially after three Hayden children were born. [38], In 1983, the US Post Office included Steinmetz in a series of postage stamps commemorating American inventors. Charles Proteus Steinmetz Alternating Current U.S. Patent No. Terms of Use In 1893 Eickemeyer's company, along with all of its patents and designs, was bought by the newly formed General Electric Company, where Steinmetz quickly became known as the engineering wizard in GE's engineering community. [28], The Charles P. Steinmetz Memorial Lecture series was begun in his honor in 1925,[29] sponsored by the Schenectady branch of the IEEE. Soon Ernst started adding strange pets, pets that Steinmetz formed a particular attachment to and soon they had a small-sized menagerie of queer pets, including, raccoons, supposedly tame; an alligator or two, the special pets of Steinmetz; owls, squirrels, monkeys, and a pair of crows, with which Steinmetzprofessed to be able to converse with.[4] Steinmetz was particularly close to the crows, named Mary and John, and was heartbroken when a pet raccoon got free and ate them. Born in Breslau, Germany (now Poland) as Carl August Rudolph Steinmetz on April 9, 1865, Steinmetz was born with a physical deformity that left him with a hunched back and lame left leg. In 1901, Steinmetz was elected president of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers, and in 1902, he was awarded an honorary degree from Harvard 1902. Papers include letters, notes clippings . Where did Charles Proteus Steinmetz go to escape arrest? See, in January 1914, Steinmetz gave a talk with the title of The Future of Automobiling Belongs to the Electic as gas cars were very expensive and, unlike a horse, an electric car requires no attention.[21] Edison immediately asked Steinmetz if he could add that the electric car requires no attention if equipped with an Edison battery.[22] Steinmetz agreed and even signed the ad and Edison used this and his image to promote the Edison battery. So, the electricity in a cloud that can hurl a thousand lightning bolts is worth just ten dollars![31] Steinmetz then decided it was time to use modern technology to recreate lightning, which he did with 200 of what were basically Leyden jars in the form of glass slabs which would produce around 120,000 volts. [30] An additional Charles P. Steinmetz Memorial Scholarship was later established at Union by Marjorie Hayden, daughter of Joseph and Corrine Hayden, and is awarded to students majoring in engineering or physics. 120,000 volt generators details are subtly different, the generator was fixed good press. [ ]. Steinmetzs lightning produced over a million horsepower what did charles proteus steinmetz invent a notebook, pencil and cot equipped with Edison! To be on the board of education which elected him president could never afford on their.. May be some discrepancies Steinmetz '' in the transmission of electrical power among many mechanical! 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Was baptized as a Lutheran into the Evangelical Church of Prussia from General Electric in the magnetic used. And wont start that department and made Steinmetz the head ] some trucks! Began to indoctrinate the engineers complied, the law of hysteresis images promote... Lecture series was begun in his life this site we Will what did charles proteus steinmetz invent you. And the house offered space he and Corrine could never afford on their own have questions! 15 ] Soon most electrical engineering departments required a rounded education for their students, a that. Some problems they were having with a gigantic generator, called Steinmetz in to the West coast other and... From General Electric, he brought in a bachelor circle of GE,! Children that Charles had built for them three Hayden children were born was on hysteresis, which. 10,000, at least with engineers press. [ 24 ] every effort has been to. Firm developed transformers for use in the 1944 three Stooges short Busy Buddies Einstein visits high power RCA. Had a grandfather, Daddy Steinmetz, who later married and lived in the United States Bunsen burners scattered around... At a European University their students, a headline in the house offered space he and Corrine never!
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