Frederick, and friendlier nickname Fred, seemed almost to have disappeared, leaving just the memory of Freds past such as Astaire, Mr. Rogers and Flintstone. A member of the House of Hohenzollern, he is popularly known as "The Great Elector"[1] (German language: Der Groe Kurfrst) because of his military and political prowess. New York: Longman, 2001. The elector begged his Austrian ally to advance against Henri Turenne, the great French general leading the enemy forces in Westphalia, but Montecuccoli refused to budge. Commissioner Robert Spindell, who also served as a fake elector for former President Donald Trump, again on Wednesday refused to resign. are the nobility and the landowning classes who dominated The Estates of Brandenburg and Prussia. His luck regarding an unwanted second front had finally run out, but rather than be disheartened, Frederick William was ecstatic. The Great Elector: Frederick William of Brandenburg-Prussia' Summer Reading: the Kaiserreich, 18711914; German Unification German-Speaking States Were Being Left Behind During the Industrial Revolution; East Prussia 2.0: Persistent Regions, Rising Nations; The Kingdom of Wurttenmerg and the Making of Germany, 1815-1871 Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg To which House did Elector Frederick William belong? The capital Berlin had only 6,000 people left when the wars ended in 1648. Although it had made a profound statement, Brandenburg remained a minor continental player, still subject to the whims of the larger powers. What was Frederick William the Great Elector known for? Luckily for him, the Swedes were in no mood to press their advantage. He had swamplands drained. The ensuing devastation reached right to the gates of Berlin itself. Quantity: 2 available. A member of the House of Furthermore, the Swedish left, hindered by the marshes, would be unable to add any additional weight to the attack. The elector utilized his opportunity to the fullest. was the most famous Sultan of the Ottomans, Suleiman the Magnificent led the Ottomans into a golden age in 1520-1566. He paid attention to infrastructure, especially building the Frederick William Canal through Berlin, linking his capital city to ocean traffic. Since 1415, the Hohenzollerns Hohenzollerns had been the ruling family of Brandenburg Brandenburg , a small state in northern Germany, that was relatively poor in resources. On 7 December 1646 in The Hague, Frederick William entered into a marriage, proposed by Blumenthal as a partial solution to the Jlich-Berg question, with Luise Henriette of Nassau (16271667), daughter of Frederick Henry of Orange-Nassau and Amalia of Solms-Braunfels and his 1st cousin once removed through William the Silent. He concocted a strategy in which he would quickly capture the little town of Rathenow, located directly between Havelberg and Alt-Brandenburg, and split the Swedish army in two. He was the first to assume the title Czar of Russia. Representing local elites of landowners and merchants, the several estates opposed increasing taxes to fund the military and diplomatic ambitions of the elector, particularly if those taxes were to be spent elsewhere than where they were raised. Their children were as follows: On 13 June 1668 in Grningen, Frederick William married Sophie Dorothea of Holstein-Sonderburg-Glcksburg, daughter of Philip, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glcksburg and Sophie Hedwig of Saxe-Lauenburg. Frederick William I fight for power brought him into considerable conflict with them In his early years, he even threatened to destroy them, but the Prussian nobility was not destroyed. was Conflict caused by the rival claims for the dominions of the Habsburg family. Prussian Duchy from the suzerainty of the Polish King at the end of the War of the North in 1660 (p. territorial estates, which had traditionally called on the Polish King to mediate their conflicts with the, easily levy unauthorized taxes or impose other unpopular fiscal policies (pp. 225-226). was an Austrian general who led Holy Roman Empire forces during the War of Spanish Succession. He took title of Czar and adopted Byzantine court rituals. Beachy on McKay, 'The Great Elector: Frederick William of Brandenburg-Prussia', Robert Beachy (Department of History, Goucher College, Baltimore), How Britain Unified Germany: Geography and the Rise of Prussia, A History of German-Scandinavian Relations, The Censorship of Literary Naturalism, 1885-1895: Prussia and Saxony, A Little History of the Schulenburg Family, The Public Mood in Bavaria and Other Federal States, Through British Eyes (December 3, 1866), Brandenburg-Prussia, 1466-1806: the Rise of a Composite State', East Prussia 2.0: Persistent Regions, Rising Nations, Geopolitics of the Kaliningrad Exclave and Enclave: Russian and EU Perspectives Alexander Diener, Hohenzollern Prussia: Claiming a Legacy of Legitimacy, Interpreting Travel Writings of the Ticknors and Other Privileg, The Wettins and the Issue of Inheritance of the Polish-Lithuanian State Throne in the Context of the Constitution of May 3, 1791: Position of the Lithuanian Nobility, Housing and Integrating Refugees in Hamburg, Culture and Exchange: the Jews of Knigsberg, 1700-1820, Lithuania Minor and Prussia on the Old Maps (15251808), Aachen, Imperial City 104, 112 Aachen, Hans Van 327, 329, 3512, 355, The Great Elector: Frederick William of Brandenburg-Prussia', Summer Reading: the Kaiserreich, 18711914, German Unification German-Speaking States Were Being Left Behind During the Industrial Revolution, The Kingdom of Wurttenmerg and the Making of Germany, 1815-1871, Bismarck's Attitude Toward the Entrance of Bavaria Into the North German Confederation, The Unification of Germany, 1866-1871 Definition of a Nation, Monetary and Fiscal Unification in Nineteenth-Century Germany : What Can Kohl Learn from Bismarck? This ended with the treaties of Labiau, Wehlau, Bromberg and Oliva; they removed Swedish control of the Duchy of Prussia, which meant he held it direct from the Holy Roman Emperor. His bases moved toward absolute monarchy. Their power and prestige was derived mostly from land ownership. After the Seven Years' War he introduced the iron plow, crop rotation, and clover. This army, extensively drilled and brutally disciplined, was talented enough to catch the eye of many contemporaries in Germany, although it was still far too small to earn the respect of its larger European neighbors. He later destroyed another Swedish army that invaded the Duchy of Prussia during the Great Sleigh Drive in 1678. Mason The situation was dire, but to Frederick Williams great fortune, a band of nine dragoons pierced the enemy ranks and extracted him from harm. With their cannons blazing, the Brandenburger cavalry smashed into the remnants of the disordered Swedish right and sent it fleeing into Fehrbellin. A request for support to the Austrians, however, proved pointless. The Austrians were unsure of the electors intentions and feared that Brandenburg would again abandon the cause, while the Dutch had little reason to believe that a new offensive was worthy of their funds. He became rigidly controlled in highly militarized society. Price: 113.00. WebFrederick, Prince of Anhalt-Harzgerode (16131670) Austria. By the reign of Frederick I, the title Elector had decreased in importance and status. He later destroyed another Swedish army that invaded the Duchy of Prussia during the Great Sleigh Drive in 1678. Frederick William had stretched his resources to the limit in order to campaign against France, and Brandenburg was virtually defenseless. 18 Jan 2023 13:33:56 was a Russian tsar. When Frederick William succeeded his father, George William George William , as the elector of Brandenburg in 1640, he faced a host of challenges. Instead they were enlisted into the army. To the Swedish rear lay a conglomeration of large swampsa certain detriment should a sudden, hurried retreat be necessary. Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg aliases The Great Elector Frederick William (German: Friedrich Wilhelm) (16 February 1620 29 April 1688) was Elector of Brandenburg Slowly, the Swedish army made its way toward the Elbe. The forty-eight-year reign of the great elector laid the foundation for modern Prussia, but he was more of a consolidator than an innovator. Historians compare him to his contemporaries such as Louis XIV of France (16431715), Peter the Great (16821725) of Russia, and Charles XI of Sweden (16601697). Painting of his 1646 wedding ceremony by Johannes Mytens. The "Great Elector" started a counter-offensive, pursuing the retreating Swedish forces through Swedish Pomerania. Military;Brandenburg. Peter the Great won this battle for Russia and it established the country's dominance in Europe. Deciding that only the support of Louis XIV could give him Swedish Pomerania, Frederick William signed the Treaty of St. Germain St. Germain, Treaty of (1679)[Saint Germain, Treaty of (1679)] with France in 1679 in exchange for an annual subsidy, but his anticipated territories were restored to Sweden. His services, however, came at a price. The humblest occupation has in it materials of discipline for the highest heaven. Frederick William expected the Dutch to hold out for a considerable length of time, but when the republic was almost entirely absorbed by France during the course of one lightning-fast campaign, the need to act decisively became ever more pressing. Out of these unpromising beginnings Frederick William managed to rebuild his war-ravaged territories. Write the letter of your choice on the answer line. In the years following the battle, he did just that. The Brandenburger cavalry raced forward, hoping to cut off Waldemar at Nauen, but the enemy proved too slippery and had already passed by. Before conflict broke out, the elector died in 1688. was a Hohenzollern leader who inherited the title of elector of Brandenburg. Unfortunately for Brandenburg, its gains would not reflect its military success. But the prospect of facing the indomitable French war machine alone was daunting. Charles X Gustav; Christina; Ferdinand II; Frederick Henry; Frederick V; Frederick William, the Great Elector; Gustavus II Adolphus; Leopold I; Louis XIV; Axel Oxenstierna; Samuel von Pufendorf; Cardinal de Richelieu; Justine Siegemundin; Albrecht Wenzel von Wallenstein; William III. [7], Although a strict Calvinist who stood ready to form alliances against the Catholic states led by France's Louis XIV, he was tolerant of Catholics and Jews. [3], In the conflict for Pomerania inheritance, Frederick William had to accept two setbacks, one in the Northern War and one in the Scanian War. In five years, his armies subdued all of China. On that date in 1675, the Prussians achieved the start of their proud military tradition. He cautiously maintained neutrality between the warring Swedes and Habsburgs, started to build a standing army, and added to his territories with the Peace of Westphalia (1648). ", Richardson, Oliver H. "Religious Toleration under the Great Elector and Its Material Results. The death of Ivan the Terrible ushered in an era of confusion and violent struggle for power. Even when the chance arose to win a decisive victory at Marlenheim, the Austrian commander dallied. [4] In 1666 his title to Cleves, Jlich and Ravensberg was definitely recognized. WebThe name Frederick is boy's name of German origin meaning "peaceful ruler". They controlled lands that encompassed Spain, Austria, Low Countries, and New World territories. Their mighty empire was extended beyond what its meager resources could defend, and they fought to maintain a tenuous supremacy in northern Europe. Inexplicably, the Swedish commander did a curious thing. For the full article, see, https://www.britannica.com/summary/Frederick-William-elector-of-Brandenburg. Browse 66 great elector frederick williamstock photos and images available, or start a new search to explore more stock photos and images. It was clear to both sides that as soon as the smoke cleared at Fehrbellin, a great shift in the European balance of power would occur. The state was then known as Brandenburg, ruled by an elector of the Holy Roman Empire, Frederick William. He began as a successful leader, adding lands to Russia. Military Wiki is a FANDOM Lifestyle Community. Nevertheless, the overall results were satisfactory, and on June 5 the Brandenburgers set off to meet the Swedish threat. The Great Elector weakened the powers of the Junkers. After marching 250 kilometres in 15 days back to Brandenburg, he caught the Swedes by surprise and managed to defeat them on the field at the Battle of Fehrbellin, destroying the myth of Swedish military invincibility. He also simplified travel in Brandenburg and the Duchy of Prussia by connecting riverways with canals, a system that was expanded by later Prussian architects, such as Georg Steenke; the system is still in use today. Until the 1648 Treaty of Westphalia, Brandenburg remained a battleground for Swedish, early 1650s, had a peacetime mobilization of over 20,000 by the end of Frederick William's reign. Trudging through the mud created by a blinding rainstorm, they reached the towns gates at midnight. his forces were defeated, but the Hapsburgs had to compromise with Hungary and give them more power over themselves. We win by tenderness. What was Frederick William the Great Elector known for? was a battle in the Northern War. He required that all parents send their children to school. Notable for apparently having no mistresses, Frederick William married Dorothea of Hanover Dorothea of Hanover a year after the death of Louise Henrietta in 1667. A minor player on a European continent that was still recovering from the cataclysmic Thirty Years War, Brandenburg and its elector were about to change history. Even the elector was largely motivated by dynastic rather than nationalistic considerations. Despite the cannon fire searing through their ranks, the Swedes charged madly, putting the battles outcome in doubt. Shortly afterward, a combined Dutch-Danish fleet intercepted the Swedish navy and wrecked nearly three-quarters of it. David Parker, "Absolutism" in Peter Stearns, ed., Princess Dorothea Sophie of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glcksburg, Philip William, Margrave of Brandenburg-Schwedt, Marie Amelie, Hereditary Princess of Mecklenburg-Gstrow, Elisabeth Sophie, Duchess of Saxe-Meiningen, Philip, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glcksburg, Joachim Frederick, Elector of Brandenburg, German colonial projects before 1871#Brandenburg-Prussian colonies, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Frederick_William,_Elector_of_Brandenburg&oldid=1126229370, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the Encyclopedia Americana with a Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the 1911 Encyclopdia Britannica, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, William Henry, Electoral Prince of Brandenburg (16481649), Carsten, Francis L. 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